Change Ubuntu from DHCP to a Static IP Address

Follow the steps:

If the Ubuntu Server installer has set your server to use DHCP, you will want to change it to a static IP address so that people can actually use it.

Changing this setting without a GUI will require some text editing, but that's classic linux, right?

Let's open up the /etc/network/interfaces file. I'm going to use vi, but you can choose a different editor

sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

For the primary interface, which is usually eth0, you will see these lines:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

As you can see, it's using DHCP right now. We are going to change dhcp to static, and then there are a number of options that should be added below it. Obviously you'd customize this to your network.

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.1.0 (Domain Name Server)
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.1.1

Now we'll need to add in the DNS settings by editing the resolv.conf file:

sudo vi /etc/resolv.conf

On the line ‘name server xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx’ replace the x with the IP of your name server. (You can do ifconfig /all to find out what they are)

Now we'll just need to restart the networking components:

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

How to install PEAR packages in Ubuntu

Open the terminal and type the following command

sudo apt-get install php-pear

Then after installing pear follow this procedure to install packages

I am installing System_Folder package

Example

sudo pear install System_Folders

output:
Did not download optional dependencies: pear/XML_Parser, pear/XML_Util, use --alldeps to download automatically
pear/Config can optionally use package "pear/XML_Parser"
pear/Config can optionally use package "pear/XML_Util"
downloading System_Folders-1.0.0.tgz ...
Starting to download System_Folders-1.0.0.tgz (8,364 bytes)
.....done: 8,364 bytes
downloading Config-1.10.11.tgz ...
Starting to download Config-1.10.11.tgz (27,718 bytes)
...done: 27,718 bytes
install ok: channel://pear.php.net/Config-1.10.11
install ok: channel://pear.php.net/System_Folders-1.0.0


Then type

pear list

to check that System_Folders is installed

Output

Installed packages, channel pear.php.net:
=========================================
Package Version State
Archive_Tar 1.3.2 stable
Config 1.10.11 stable
Console_Getopt 1.2.2 stable
PEAR 1.5.4 stable
Structures_Graph 1.0.2 stable
System_Folders 1.0.0 stable

The System_Folders appears in the list.

Also pear list-files System_Folders

will help you to find Installed Files For System_Folders

like

php /usr/share/php/System/Folders/Cached.php
doc /usr/share/php/docs/System_Folders/examples/cached.php
doc /usr/share/php/docs/System_Folders/examples/example.php
php /usr/share/php/System/Folders.php

Finally the example using System_Folders


require_once 'System/Folders.php';
$sf = new System_Folders();
$home = $sf->getHome();
echo "$home\n";

?>

Optimize Ubuntu 8.04 for Speed

So what if Ubuntu is a fast operating system?... There is always room for some more tweaking... and I am talking here about some aspects that are NOT useful for the end-users (yes YOU, the regular Ubuntu user). The hacks presented in this guide will greatly improve the overall performance of your Ubuntu 8.04 Linux OS.

WARNING: Please follow the following instructions very carefully, in the order in which they are listed below, and reboot your machine after each one. If not, your operating system will NOT work anymore and you will have to reinstall it.

Click to Know more

Alternative Installation Methods for Hardy - How to install Ubuntu Hardy over network, from a USB stick or from a hard disk!

Ubuntu can be installed using other methods as well, which might prove handy in some circumstances. For example, let's say you want
to install Ubuntu on a computer that has no CD/DVD-ROM drive. What do you do? Well, you can install Ubuntu from another machine on the network (if there is one) that will provide the installation files to other computers on the LAN, or you can install it from the hard drive, if there is no LAN. For the latter solution, you will need an active Internet connection to download the Ubuntu ISO image or you can use an external hard drive as well. But the best of all is to have a Live USB Stick with Ubuntu OS!

Click Here for More Screen shots
You will need...

• Ubuntu 8.04 Alternate CD
• Ubuntu 8.04 Destktop CD
• an 1 GB USB Stick
• an active network connection
• 'boot from network' and 'boot from USB' options in the BIOS of the computer you want to install Ubuntu
• access to another network machine that is already running Ubuntu

Install Ubuntu from a USB Stick

This is a newly adopted method and the most used these days, and that's just because it's the fastest, easy to use and portable way to install Ubuntu on a computer. It will require at least 1 GB USB Stick. You don't need to pre-format the USB disk as this will be done automatically by the software we'll use for this method. Just make sure you don't have any important data on that USB disk, as it will be erased! This method will bake a Live USB Ubuntu 8.04 disk. OK, so let's get down to business!

Go to System -> Administration -> Software Sources, click on the second tab (Third-Party Software), click the 'Add' button and paste the following line:

CODE

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/probono/ubuntu hardy main


Review image

Click the 'Add Source' button and then click on the 'Close' button. It will ask if you want to reload the information about the available software.

Review image

Now, open a terminal (Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal) and paste the following command:

CODE

sudo apt-get -y install liveusb


When the installation is over, insert the USB Stick on your PC and the Ubuntu 8.04 Desktop CD on your CD/DVD-ROM drive.

Go to System -> Administration -> Install Live USB...

Review image

If you've inserted the USB Stick and the Ubuntu 8.04 Desktop CD, you will see this nice window...

Review image

Click on the "Options" link and then check the "Download and integrate Adobe Flash Player" box. Then click the 'Execute' button and you will be asked if you want to install Ubuntu on that USB disk and if you are sure that you want to erase all the data and partitions on it. If you are sure, click 'Yes' on both questions...

Review image

Review image

The data will be copied from the Ubuntu 8.04 Desktop CD to the USB Stick...

Review image

After about 5-6 minutes, the whole process will be over and you can remove the USB Stick!

Review image

That's it! You can go now to your friends, with the USB disk, and install Ubuntu on their machines. You can also run and use Ubuntu (browse the web, talk to friends, do different stuff) directly from the Live USB Stick! Just remember to boot from USB-HDD (your computer must have this option on BIOS)!

Method 2 - Install Ubuntu from a network (LAN) server

For this task, you will need another computer that has Ubuntu installed (and working) and it's connected to the machine you want to install Ubuntu, through a LAN (Local Area Network). We will call that PC that already has Ubuntu, "Server", and the PC on which you want to install Ubuntu, "Client". On the Server, you will install a FTP server, an HTTP server and a DHCP server, which will allow the Client machine to connect to the server and fetch the installation files and package repositories. To install these servers, open a Terminal (Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal) and type:

CODE

sudo apt-get install tftpd-hpa apache2 dhcp3-server openbsd-inetd


Now, mount the Ubuntu 8.04 Alternative ISO image with the following commands:

CODE

cd /path-to-the-iso-image
sudo mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/ubuntu
sudo mount -o loop ubuntu-8.04-alternate-i386.iso /var/lib/tftpboot/ubuntu (for an i386 PC)

or

sudo mount -o loop ubuntu-8.04-alternate-amd64.iso /var/lib/tftpboot/ubuntu (for an AMD 64/Intel 64 PC)


Make a symlink to the mounted ISO, from the Apache's root directory:

CODE

cd /var/www
sudo ln -s /var/lib/tftpboot/ubuntu/


If the Server has a CD/DVD-ROM drive and you already have burned the Ubuntu 8.04 Alternate ISO installation CD, insert it in the optical drive and wait for it to get auto-mounted. It will probably get mounted under the /media/cdrom path, so we will need to create symlinks for both FTP and HTTP servers. Copy and paste the following commands in a Terminal window:

CODE

sudo ln -s /media/cdrom /var/lib/tftpboot/ubuntu/
sudo ln -s /media/cdrom /var/www/ubuntu


Now, configure the DHCP daemon. Download the dhcp config file:

CODE

cd /etc/dhcp3
sudo mv dhcpd.conf dhcpd.conf.old
sudo gedit dhcpd.conf


Copy and paste the following lines into the dhcpd.conf file:

CODE

ping-check = 1;
filename = "ubuntu/install/netboot/pxelinux.0";
subnet 192.168.1.0
netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.254;
}


Edit the following directives to match your network:

• REPLACE the subnet with your network subnet
• REPLACE the netmask with your network netmask
• REPLACE the range of IPs with the corresponding IP addresses from your network. An IP address from this range will be randomly assigned to the Client computer.

Restart the DHCP server with the following command:

CODE

sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart


At this point, your client machine is ready to boot the alternative installation ISO from the server. Power up the Client PC, enter the BIOS, search for the 'Boot from network' options (under the BOOT menu) and put it as the first boot device. Save and exit. If everything worked out well, you should see the Ubuntu installation screen and boot prompt. Install Ubuntu!

Method 3 - Install from a hard drive

Use this method for a faster system installation and if you don't have a CD/DVD-ROM drive, you will need to have a working Ubuntu system on the computer on which you want to install the new Hardy OS.

First of all, you need to use GParted to create a new primary partition and format it to ext3. For example, let's say that the partition is /dev/sda3 (for a SATA drive) or /dev/hda3 (for a IDE drive). You will need to copy the ISO's contents over to the new partition. Open a Terminal (Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal) and type:

CODE

mkdir /tmp/installcd
sudo mount -o loop /path-to/ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso /tmp/installcd (for an i386 PC)

or

sudo mount -o loop /path/to/ubuntu-8.04-desktop-amd64.iso /tmp/installcd (for an AMD 64/Intel 64 PC)
sudo mkdir /mnt/installer
sudo mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/installer (for the SATA drive)

or

sudo mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/installer (for the IDE drive)
sudo cp -r /tmp/installcd/* /mnt/installer
cd ~/
sudo umount /tmp/installcd


Next, you'll need to edit your current GRUB configuration file to boot the new partition. To do this, open the /boot/grub/menu.lst in a text editor with:

CODE

sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst


...and add the following lines at the end of the file:

CODE

title Ubuntu Hard Drive Installation
root (hd0,2)
kernel /casper/vmlinuz boot=casper root=/dev/ram ramdisk_size=1048576 rw
initrd /casper/initrd.gz


IMPORTANT: the root line tells Grub which partition contains the installer. If in your case, the partition you created is /dev/hda1, you'll need to edit that line to root (hd0,0). Grub starts counting your partition from 0, therefore the fourth partition will be (hd0,3) and so on. If you have a secondary hard disk, you will have to modify the first number from 0 to 1 (e.g. hd1,0 - for the second hard disk, first partition).

Save the file, close the text editor, reboot the computer and choose 'Ubuntu Hard Drive Installation' from the GRUB boot menu and install Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron!

Encrypting Password Field in MySQL using MD5

The Following sample code shows the MD5 functions usage in MySQL to encrypt your password fields

Now let's insert a record with MD5 applied to the password field.

mysql> INSERT INTO user_md5 VALUES ('member1',MD5('secretpassword') );

How To Install Adobe Acrobat Reader on Ubuntu

It appears now that the simplest way to install the Adobe Acrobat Reader is to get the package directly from Adobe’s website. Try following these steps to find the .deb package and install that.

1. Visit the Adobe Reader download page.
2. Select “Linux”, Select “Linux - x86 .deb”, Select your language.
3. Click the “Continue” button.
4. Click “Download Adobe Reader” to begin the download.
5. You can then “Open with…” to open it with the package installer directly, or “Save as” to be distributed to your other machines and installed manually via double-click on the package.

If you’re going to call the reader directly you’ll also need to configure two more items within the Adobe Reader preferences. Open the reader via “Applications > Office > Adobe Reader 8″ and it should give you a message concerning a libgtkembedmoz.so. After you click OK it’ll give you a blank window with no options. Switch back to the previous window and select “Edit > Preferences > Internet” as suggested by the previous notification window.
Click Here To Know more

HTML Editor for Linux Users

Bluefish is a powerful editor targeted towards programmers and webdesigners, with many options to write websites, scripts and programming code. Bluefish supports many programming and markup languages, and it focuses on editing dynamic and interactive websites. See features for an extensive overview, take a look at the screenshots, or download it right away. Bluefish is an open source development project, released under the GNU GPL licence.

What others have said about Bluefish
Bluefish is by far the most powerful among the HTML editors we tested. It is probably the most potent editor for Linux in general. (www.suse.com)

GPL-licensed Bluefish has become an excellent 'production tool' for those of who earn our living writing for Web sites, full of little 'speed you up' features [..] It is an excellent example of how a multinational group of talented programmers can produce a piece of work under the GPL that is at least as good as any commercial program (newsforge.com)

The Bluefish HTML editor is an excellent example of of how good open source programs can be. It is feature rich, with lots of time saving tools for experienced coders and friendly enough for newbies to be productive in little or no time. (www.linuxorbit.com)

If you've ever longed for an HTML editor that is easy to use, yet doesn't try to do everything for you, Bluefish is just the editor for you. It has a wealth of features that will make your programming easier, but in the end you retain total control of the HTML (software.linux.com)

Bluefish marries the best of GUI's and traditional text editing into a customizable, useful package. (www.linuxplanet.com)

One of the most powerful editors for Linux + Supports many programming and markup languages + Lots of time saving tools for experienced users + Friendly enough for beginners + Its wealth of features will make your programming easier + While letting you maintain control over your code (www.lindows.com)
Click to Download

How to restart Apache 2.X server from terminal

type this command in terminal

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

On successful restart you will see the message below

* Restarting web server apache2 [ OK ]

MySQL update Multiple Fields using UPDATE SET

Example:

Table Name: Empdet

UPDATE Empdet SET CNO='$mobil',PEMAIL='$emailid' ,LNO='$land',FATHUS='$fah',DOOR1='$door1',STREET1='$street1',LOC1='$loc1',CITY_DIST1='$dist1',STATE1='$state1',PIN1='$pin1',DOOR2='$door2',STREET2='$street2',LOC2='$loc2',CITY_DIST2='$dist2',STATE2='$state2',PIN2='$pin2',QUAL='$qual',AD_QUAL='$adqual' WHERE EID='$empid';

tor RPM packages for Red Hat, CentOS and Fedora

Click Here

How to install TOR on CentOS

After installing privoxy and tor you must use this command in order to work properly

yum install libevent

How to change the root password in Ubuntu

As default Ubuntu has no password set for the root user. To gain root access you have to type in your own user password. This is the password you set for the first user while installing Ubuntu.

To manually set a password for the root user, type in the following in the shell:
sudo passwd

After that you are asked to type in the new root password twice. Finally, your root user has its own password.

MYSQL LOAD INFILE EXPORT OUTFILE

Syntax and Example


LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE '/home/kk/EHRMSList.csv'
INTO TABLE EMP
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'
(SNO,EID,NAME,DEPT);

SELECT a,b,a+b INTO OUTFILE '/tmp/result.txt'
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'
FROM test_table;

Apache2 default page configuration

Add the following in the sites available page with websites

DirectoryIndex Default.html


Of course, you can use any filename you wish. I prefer to leave Default.html as a valid index as well.

Password Encryption in MySQL using MD5

Example:


CREATE TABLE Users
(
Username CHAR(15) NOT NULL,
Password CHAR(15) NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO Users (username,password) VALUES ('name',md5('pass'));

MySQL Using the LOAD DATA INFILE SQL statement

For security reasons, no one has the mysql FILE priv, which means you cannot "LOAD DATA INFILE". You can, however, use a "LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE" statement as long as you have a mysql prompt on our system and have uploaded the data file to your account here first.

The "LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE" statement will only work from a MySQL prompt on our local system. It will not work from any web-based tool such as phpMyAdmin, and will never pull a file in directly off your own computer.

To import a file this way, first upload your data file to your home directory on our system with FTP or SCP. Then get a shell prompt on our system, and then a MySQL Monitor prompt so that you can issue the SQL that will import your file.

For example, suppose you have a data file named importfile.csv that contains 3 comma separated columns of data on each line. You want to import this textfile into your MySQL table named test_table, which has 3 columns that are named field1, field2 and field3.

To import the datafile, first upload it to your home directory, so that the file is now located at /importfile.csv on our local system. Then you type the following SQL at the mysql prompt:

LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE '/importfile.csv'
INTO TABLE test_table
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'
(field1, filed2, field3);

The above SQL statement tells the MySQL server to find your INFILE on the LOCAL filesystem, to read each line of the file as a separate row, to treat any comma character as a column delimiter, and to put it into your MySQL test_table as columns field1, field2, and field3 respectively. Many of the above SQL clauses are optional and you should read the MySQL documentation on the proper use of this statement.

MS Access to MySQL

Char/VarChar Binary If a column marked BINARY is used in an expression, the whole expression is compared as a BINARY value, resulting in case-sensitive comparison You may use "LIKE BINARY" statement or stored procedure to implement case-sensitive comparison with Char/VarChar data without BINARY property.
Set Not supported in MS Access. An exception will be raised while copying table structures. You may alter the SQL datable to change the data type to Char type.
Enum Not supported in MS Access. An exception will be raised. You may alter the SQL table to change the data type to Char type.
IntegerType Unsigned Not supported in MS Access. These integer fields will be converted without the "unsigned" property, so it is better to have your application not to use unsigned data type, and handle "unsigned" constraints in the program. The only unsigned data type in MS Access is "Byte".
BigInt Not supported in MS Access. An BigInt like 9223372036854775807 will be converted to Double (8-byte) type and value will become 9.22337203685478E+18. If you really need BigInt data, you might not want to export / port the database to MS Access that does not support 8-byte integer.
TimeStamp After setting the default value of a DateTime field of MS Access as function "now()", the value in a row will be the time of inserting. However, when you modify the row later, the value will remain the same. There is no way for the JET Engine to support TimeStamp. So you may have to write codes to simulate TimeStamp effects.
Decimal The decimal type in Ms Access is not exactly equivalent with the decimal type in MySQL.

Data type mapping from MySql to Access

MySQL Ms Access Size

Date : 3B
Time : 3B
DateTime : 8B
TimeStamp : 4B Date/Time 8B

Char : L255
VarChar : L255 Text /

Float : 4B N Single 4B

Double/Real:8B N Double 8B

TinyInt : 1B
Year : 1B N Byte 1B

SmallInt : 2B N Integer 2B

Integer/Int : 4B
MediumInt : 3B N Long Integer 4B

TinyText : L255
Text : L64KB
MediumText : L16MB
LongText : L4GB Memo /

TinyBlob : L255
Blob : L64KB
MediumBlob : L16MB
Longblob : L4GB OLE object /

Decimal/Numeric (M,D) N Decimal (M,D) 8B

All Integer
fields with
auto_increment
property Increment 4B

BigInt : 8B Text 20B

Data type mapping from Ms Access to MySql

Ms Access (Max) Size MySQL

Boolean 1-bit TinyInt
N Byte 1-Byte TinyInt Unsigned
N Integer 2-Byte SmallInt
N Long Integer 4-Byte Integer
N Single 4-Byte Float
N Double 8-Byte Double
Currency 8-Byte Decimal (20, 4)
N Decimal 12-Byte Decimal (M, D)
Text 256 B VarChar (Size)
Date/Time 8-Byte DateTime
OLE 1 G MediumBlob
Memo 64 KB Text
Autoincrement 4-Byte Integer with autoincrement property

Ubuntu Help page

CLICK HERE

ApacheMySQLPHP

This is to help people setup and install a [WWW] LAMP (Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP) server in Ubuntu, including Apache 2, PHP 5 (optionally PHP 4 in Ubuntu 6.10 and lower), and MySQL 4.1 or 5.0.

When installing from the Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) "Server cd", you have the option of choosing to install a LAMP setup at the inital Ubuntu installation screen. That will install apache2, php5 and mysql 5.0.
Check Requirements

{i} As of Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty), all PHP4 packages have been dropped from the repositories, as the PHP4 branch is not being further developed/supported by the PHP Group. Everything in this article pertaining to PHP4 can therefore only be executed in Ubuntu 6.10 and lower. If you absolutely depend on PHP4 and would like to use the current Ubuntu release, you have to compile it from source.

Some applications require php4 while others will work with php5. Be sure to install the version of php and the corresponding apache2 module for it. You cannot have both php4 and php5 modules running on the same instance of apache2 at the same time. Installing one may remove the other.

If you have both php4 and php5 installed, be aware of which version of the apache2 php module you have. If libapache2-mod-php5 is already installed, the php4 package will install libapache-mod-php4 and not libapache2-mod-php4 package.

If libapache2-mod-php5 is not installed, installing php4 will install the apache2 php module (libapache2-mod-php4). See this example.

Most web applications will use Apache2, php5 and mysql5.0. If no specific versions are mentioned in your web application's documentation, use those.
To install the default LAMP stack in Ubuntu 6.06 LTS (Dapper Drake)

If you did not use the LAMP installer option from the server cd but want to install those same packages without having to reinstall your operating system, use any method to install the following packages

apache2 php5-mysql libapache2-mod-php5 mysql-server

All of those packages are in the Ubuntu 6.06 LTS (Dapper Drake) main repository. Once LAMP is installed, you need to set a mysql root password and then, depending on your web application, create a database, user and password. That's it!
To install the default LAMP stack in Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn)

In Feisty, the Ubuntu base system includes Tasksel. You can either install LAMP using tasksel or install the LAMP packages as detailed above.

sudo tasksel install lamp-server

See Tasksel
Starting over, How to remove the LAMP stack

To remove the LAMP stack remove the following packages:

apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils apache2.2-common libapache2-mod-php5 libapr1 libaprutil1 libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libmysqlclient15off libnet-daemon-perl libplrpc-perl libpq5 mysql-client-5.0 mysql-common mysql-server mysql-server-5.0 php5-common php5-mysql

To also remove the debconf data, use the purge option when removing. To get rid of any configurations you may have made to apache, manually remove the /etc/apache2 directory once the packages have been removed.
Installing Apache 2

To only install the apache2 webserver, use any method to install

apache2

Troubleshooting

If you get this error:

apache2: Could not determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName

then use a text editor such as "sudo nano" at the command line or "gksudo gedit" on the desktop to edit

/etc/apache2/httpd.conf

and add

ServerName localhost

at the end of the file.

Note: The Ubuntu/Debian setup uses config snippets in the /etc/apache2/conf.d directory rather than the httpd.conf file. Instead of using httpd.conf edit a new file /etc/apache2/conf.d/fqdn and add the line in there.
Virtual Hosts

Apache2 has the concept of sites, which are separate configuration files that Apache2 will read. These are available in /etc/apache2/sites-available. By default, there is one site available called default this is what you will see when you browse to [WWW] http://localhost or [WWW] http://127.0.0.1. You can have many different site configurations available, and activate only those that you need.

As an example, we want the default site to be /home/user/public_html/. To do this, we must create a new site and then enable it in Apache2.

To create a new site:

*

Copy the default website as a starting point. sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/default /etc/apache2/sites-available/mysite
*

Edit the new configuration file in a text editor "sudo nano" on the command line or "gksudo gedit", for example: gksudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/mysite
*

Change the DocumentRoot to point to the new location. For example, /home/user/public_html/
*

Change the Directory directive, replace to
*

You can also set separate logs for each site. To do this, change the ErrorLog and CustomLog directives. This is optional, but handy if you have many sites
*

Save the file

Now, we must deactivate the old site, and activate our new one. Ubuntu provides two small utilities that take care of this: a2ensite (apache2enable site) and a2dissite (apache2disable site).

sudo a2dissite default && sudo a2ensite mysite

Finally, we restart Apache2:

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

If you have not created /home/user/public_html/, you will receive an warning message

To test the new site, create a file in /home/user/public_html/:

echo 'Hello! It is working!' > /home/user/public_html/index.html

Finally, browse to [WWW] http://localhost/
Installing PHP 5

To only install PHP5. use any method to install

php5

If PHP4 is present on your system, also install

libapache2-mod-php5

Troubleshooting

Does your browser ask if you want to download the php file instead of displaying it? If Apache is not actually parsing the php after you restarted it, install libapache2-mod-php5. It is installed when you install the php5 package, but may have been removed inadvertently by packages which need to run a different version of php.

You may also need to actually enable it, by doing sudo a2enmod php5 followed by sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart. If sudo a2enmod php5 returns "$ This module does not exist!", you should purge (not just remove) the libapache2-mod-php5 package and reinstall it.

Be sure to clear your browser's cache before testing your site again.
Installing PHP 4

To install PHP4, Use any method to install

php4

If PHP5 is present on your system, installing php4 will install the php module for apache (version 1.3) and not apache2. To use php4 with apache2, install

libapache2-mod-php4

Troubleshooting

Does your browser ask if you want to download the php file instead of displaying it? If Apache is not actually parsing the php after you restarted it, install libapache2-mod-php4. It is installed when you install the php4 package, but may have been removed inadvertently by packages which need to run a different version of php.

You may also need to actually enable it, by doing sudo a2enmod php4 followed by sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart. If sudo a2enmod php4 returns "$ This module does not exist!", you should purge (not just remove) the libapache2-mod-php5 package and reinstall it.

Be sure to clear your browser's cache before testing your site again.
Installing MYSQL with PHP 5

Use any method to install

mysql-server libapache2-mod-auth-mysql php5-mysql

Installing MYSQL with PHP 4

First enable the universe repository since the packages are not in main

*

I am using Ubuntu server (command line)
*

I am using a desktop

Use any method to install

mysql-server libapache2-mod-auth-mysql php4-mysql

After installing PHP

You may need to increase the memory limit that PHP imposes on a script. Edit the /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini file and increase the memory_limit value.
After installing MySQL
Set mysql bind address

Before you can access the database from other computers in your network, you have to change its bind address. Note that this can be a security problem, because your database can be accessed by others computers than your own. Skip this step if the applications which require mysql are running on the same machine.

type:

nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf

and change the line:

bind-address = localhost

to your own internal ip address e.g. 192.168.1.20

bind-address = 192.168.1.20

If your ip address is dynamic you can also comment out the bind-address line and it will default to your current ip.

If you try to connect without changing the bind-address you will recieve a "Can not connect to mysql error 10061".
Set mysql root password

Before accessing the database by console you need to type:

mysql -u root

At the mysql console type:

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('yourpassword');

A successful mysql command will show:

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Mysql commands can span several lines. Do not forget to end your mysql command with a semicolon.

Note: If you have already set a password for the mysql root, you will need to use:

mysql -u root -p

(Did you forget the mysql-root password? See MysqlPasswordReset.)
Create a mysql database

mysql> CREATE DATABASE database1;

Create a mysql user

For creating a new user with all privileges (use only for troubleshooting), at mysql prompt type:

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'yourusername'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword' WITH GRANT OPTION;

For creating a new user with fewer privileges (should work for most web applications) which can only use the database named "database1", at mysql prompt type:

mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES ON database1.* TO 'yourusername'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword';

yourusername and yourpassword can be anything you like. database1 is the name of the database the user gets access to. localhost is the location which gets access to your database. You can change it to '%' (or to hostnames or ip addresses) to allow connections from every location (or only from specific locations) to the database. Note, that this can be a security problem and should only be used for testing purposes!

To exit the mysql prompt type:

mysql> \q

Since the mysql root password is now set, if you need to use mysql again (as the mysql root), you will need to use:

mysql -u root -p

and then enter the password at the prompt.
Backup-Settings

Please, let's say something in which directories MySql stores the database information and how to configure a backup
Alternatively

There is more than just one way to set the mysql root password and create a database. For example mysqladmin can be used:

mysqladmin -u root -p password yourpassword

and

mysqladmin -u root -p create database1

mysqladmin is a command-line tool provided by the default LAMP install.
Phpmyadmin and mysql-admin

All mysql tasks including setting the root password and creating databases can be done via a graphical interface using phpmyadmin or mysql-admin.

To install one or both of them, first enable the universe repository

*

I am using Ubuntu server (command line)
*

I am using a desktop

Use any method to install

phpmyadmin

Troubleshooting

If you get blowfish_secret error: Choose and set a phrase for cryptography in the file /etc/phpmyadmin/blowfish_secret.inc.php and copy the line (not the php tags) into the file /etc/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php or you will receive an error.
Alternative: install phpMyAdmin from source

See the [WWW] phpMyAdmin page for instructions on how to install phpmyadmin from source:
Mysql-admin

Mysql-admin runs locally, on the desktop. Use any method to install

mysql-admin

For more information

You really ought to read [WWW] 2.9.3. Securing the Initial MySQL Accounts from the [WWW] MySQL Reference Manual.
Edit Apache Configuration

You may want your current user to be the PHP pages administrator. To do so, edit the Apache configuration file :

$ gksudo "gedit /etc/apache2/apache2.conf"

Search both the strings starting by "User" and "Group", and change the names by the current username and groupname you are using. Then you'll need to restart Apache. (look at the next chapter concerning apache commands)

Configuration options relating specifically to user websites (accessed through localhost/~username) are in /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/userdir.conf.
Edit PHP Configuration to Work With MYSQL (Ubuntu Dapper)

In Dapper Drake, "extension=mysql.so" and "extension=mysqli.so" are enabled in the php.ini file out-of-the-box. However, sometimes php is not looking for those files in the right directory. You have then to move your files or modify the php.ini configuration.:
First solution

locate the directory where the extension files are placed:

locate mysql.so

(change mysql.so in mysqli.so if you want to install the mysqli functions)

-then modify the php.ini file to indicate the right place for the extension directory:

$ gksudo "gedit /etc/php4/apache2/php.ini"

or if you are using php5

$ gksudo "gedit /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini"

Look for the 'extension_dir' property, and set it to the directory where you found the mysql(i).so file:

*

extension_dir= "/usr/lib/php5/20051025/"

Restart apache, and test if your mysql(i) functions are working.
Second solution

-locate the directory where the extension files are placed:

locate mysql.so

(change mysql.so in mysqli.so if you want to install the mysqli functions)

Let's say that you found the file in '/usr/lib/php5/20051025/'

-then check in the php.ini file for the extension directory

$ gksudo "gedit /etc/php4/apache2/php.ini"

or if you are using php5

$ gksudo "gedit /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini"

Look for the 'extension_dir' property. It should be by default '/usr/lib/php5/ext'. If it's not, change it for this value.

-Now create the default directory for extensions:

$ sudo mkdir /usr/lib/php5/ext

-Copy the extension file to the new directory:

$ sudo cp /usr/lib/php5/20051025/mysql.so /usr/lib/php5/ext/mysql.so

Change the first path to the one you found with the locate function, and change mysql.so into mysqli.so if you want to use mysqli functions.

-Restart apache (see below), and test if your mysql(i) functions are working.
Run, Stop, Test, And Restart Apache

Use the following command to run Apache :

$ sudo /usr/sbin/apache2ctl start

To stop it, use :

$ sudo /usr/sbin/apache2ctl stop

To test configuration changes, use :

$ sudo /usr/sbin/apache2ctl configtest

Finally, to restart it, run :

$ sudo /usr/sbin/apache2ctl restart

Using Apache

You can access apache by typing 127.0.0.1 or [WWW] http://localhost (by default it will be listening on port 80) in your browser address bar. By default the directory for apache server pages is /var/www . It needs root access in order to put files in. A way to do it is just starting the file browser as root in a terminal:

$ sudo nautilus

or

if you want to make /var/www your own. (Use only for non-production web servers - this is not the most secure way to do things.)

$ sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www

Status

To check the status of your PHP installation:

$ gksudo "gedit /var/www/testphp.php"

and insert the following line



View this page on a web browser at [WWW] http://yourserveripaddress/testphp.php or [WWW] http://localhost/testphp.php
Securing Apache

If you just want to run your Apache install as a development server and want to prevent it from listening for incoming connection attempts, this is easy to do.

$ gksudo "gedit /etc/apache2/ports.conf"
$ password:

Change ports.conf so that it contains:

Listen 127.0.0.1:80

Save this file, and restart Apache (see above). Now Apache will serve only to your home domain, [WWW] http://127.0.0.1 or [WWW] http://localhost.
Password-Protect a Directory

There are 2 ways to password-protect a specific directory. The recommended way involves editing /etc/apache2/apache2.conf . (To do this, you need root access). The other way involves editing a .htaccess file in the directory to be protected. (To do this, you need access to that directory).
Password-Protect a Directory With .htaccess

See EnablingUseOfApacheHtaccessFiles

Warning: On at least some versions of Ubuntu, .htaccess files will not work by default. See EnablingUseOfApacheHtaccessFiles for help on enabling them.
thumbnails

If you direct your web browser to a directory (rather than a specific file), and there is no "index.html" file in that directory, Apache will generate an index file on-the-fly listing all the files and folders in that directory. Each folder has a little icon of a folder next to it.

To put a thumbnail of that specific image (rather than the generic "image icon") next to each image file (.jpg, .png, etc.):

... todo: add instructions on how to do thumbnails here, perhaps using [WWW] Apache::AutoIndex 0.08 or [WWW] Apache::Album 0.95 ...
Known problems
Skype incompatibility

Skype uses port 80 for incoming calls, and thus, may block Apache. The solution is to change the port in one of the applications. Usually, port 81 is free and works fine. To change the port number in Skype go to menu Tools > Options, then click on the Advanced tab, then in the box of the port for incoming calls write your preference.
Other Apache Options

*

ServerSideIncludes - enable SSI in Apache2
*

LocalhostSubdomain - access your local files as if you had different subdomains

Further Information

*

StrongPasswords is recommended reading!
*

BastilleLinux is also recommended if you're going to be running a live webserver.
*

You can compile PHP5FromSource, as well as MYSQL5FromSource.
*

PHPOracle will enable you to connect to Oracle databases.
*

PhpPear : PHP Extension and Application Repository

Ubuntu (Gutsy): Change Default Keyring Password

I changed my user password in Ubuntu, everything was OK until the next time I booted my Linux box. Keyring Manager was asking me for a password (as my wireless connection needed stored WPA password), immediately figured out that this was caused by the password change.

The problem is that Gnome Keyring manager doesn’t have an option to change the default keyring password. So, if your user password is changed, every time you log in Keyring Manager will ask for the password you supplied during Ubuntu’s installation (awkward).

Due the lack of password change in Keyring Manager we need another application: Seahorse. To install type the following:

$ sudo apt-get install seahorse

Once installed open it (Applications -> Accessories -> Passwords and Encryption Keys), and then go to Edit -> Preferences menu. Select GNOME Keyring tab and change the password to match your actual Linux user passwor

How to change the root password in Ubuntu

As default Ubuntu has no password set for the root user. To gain root access you have to type in your own user password. This is the password you set for the first user while installing Ubuntu.

To manually set a password for the root user, type in the following in the shell:
sudo passwd

After that you are asked to type in the new root password twice. Finally, your root user has its own password.

How to install wine on Ubuntu

Wine for Ubuntu, Debian, and Debian-based distributions Debian Linux

Debian and Debian-based distributions, such as Ubuntu, utilize a special tool for managing packages known as APT. APT is able to automagically install all of the needed dependencies for a software package, as well as keep the package up to date, by scanning what are known as APT repositories. Debian-based distributions have their own repositories of software, many of which include Wine, however we keep our own repository of the latest available packages here for download.

There used to be graphical instructions here, however we have found that the terminal commands are actually simpler to describe and quicker for the user to input. Because the commands below use sudo, you may have to enter your user password after hitting enter.
Adding the WineHQ APT Repository:

First, open a terminal window. Then add the repository's key to your system's list of trusted APT keys by copy and pasting the following:

wget -q http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt/387EE263.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -

Next, add the repository to your system's list of APT sources:

For Ubuntu Gutsy (7.10):
sudo wget http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt/sources.list.d/gutsy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/winehq.list

For Ubuntu Feisty (7.04):
sudo wget http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt/sources.list.d/feisty.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/winehq.list

For Ubuntu Edgy (6.10): *64-bit packages not available*
sudo wget http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt/sources.list.d/edgy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/winehq.list

For Ubuntu Dapper (6.06): *64-bit packages not available*
sudo wget http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt/sources.list.d/dapper.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/winehq.list

For Debian Etch (4.0):
sudo wget http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt/sources.list.d/etch.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/winehq.list

Then, you can install Wine from WineHQ like it were any other package, such as by using the Synaptic Package Manager under System->Administration. Alternatively, you can install from the terminal by running 'sudo apt-get update' to update APT's package information and then 'sudo apt-get install wine'.
Upgrading to a new version of Ubuntu

If you are upgrading the entire system, such as going from Ubuntu 7.04 to 7.10, you will need to come back to this page and enter the command for the new version above. The built in update manager will not switch the Wine repository automatically.
64-bit Users:

If you are using a very old version of Ubuntu where 64 bit packages are not available and would still like a working Wine package, there is a relatively easy hack that can be used to install the 32-bit package and have it function normally. See this page on the Wine wiki for more details.
Older .deb packages

Since the APT repository can only hold the latest packages, older versions of the packages are available at the WineHQ .deb packages archive.

You can install the packages by double-clicking on them.

Very fast and reliable webhosting for the APT repository is graciously provided by budgetdedicated.com.

Easy Way to Install Perl Modules in Ubuntu Linux

From the terminal type
sudo cpan

You will be asked for password.

After supplying password
You will then be asked if you want to manually config cpan. Say no, don't take the risk and see if it will figure it all out for you. Then to install a module, I did a quick search on cpan’s website to find the correct name of each module (they are case-sensitive).

install WWW::Mechanize

If your configuration is correct, it will install it all for you.